Eaton Canyon Nature Center in California Pasadena Essay

Eaton Canyon Nature Center in California Pasadena - Essay Example Interesting showcases, live creatures, workplaces, study halls, an assembly room, bathrooms, and a data work area/blessing shop at the passageway Tourists can buy shirts, caps, post cards, rock tests, books, hand and finger manikins, hummingbird feeders, and considerably more. The Mt. Wilson Toll Road and an extension over the ravine were worked for climbers and bicyclists. There are horse corrals at the base of the Eaton Canyon Natural Area Nature Center, Natural Park resembles a range of rich green foliage through which cuts the murmuring Eaton Canyon Stream situated at the base of Mt. Wilson. In spite of the fact that Mount Wilson is more than 5,700 feet high, there is an enormous gathering of mountain tops, which ascend to in excess of 9,000 feet, including Mount Baldy and Mount Baden-Powell. The excellent San Gabriel Mountains are having will be having a tough steep slants, edges and profound gorge. There are five miles of nature trails, an equestrian path, streams and a cascade. A portion of the stone sorts found at this spot has been dated at well more than two billion years of age. On account of Kate Lain for her exploration a great deal of history is thought now about the spot. Eaton Canyon initially called El Precipicio by the Spanish pioneers in view of its precarious chasms; it is currently named after Judge Benjamin Eaton, who assembled the main Fair Oaks Ranch House in 1865 not a long way from Eaton Creek. Judge Eaton was the first to utilize water system from the brook to develop grapes on the slants. In the year1912, summer lodge locales in the Angeles National Forest are made accessible for rent to people in general; later lodges are based on the Eaton Canyon Tract in upper Eaton Canyon .The Canyon was about totally consumed in the 1993 fire. A while later, the vegetation in the Canyon was seeded once more. Biotic people group Organically, Eaton Canyon is fascinating characteristic spot and assimilates rich and has lovely shows of nearby widely varied vegetation. It is normally wealthy in plants due to thePage 3 normally inexhaustible water and wide wash. The vegetation in the gulch relies upon the low water streams and groundwater. There are in excess of fifty types of plants and wide assortment of creatures in the gulch. Toxin oak is one of the more typical plants in the recreation center. Various reptiles, creatures of land and water and fish are found in the recreation center. Twenty sorts of warm blooded animals, including donkey deer, wildcats, coyote, fox and mountain lion, more than one hundred fifty types of winged animals, including birds of prey, vultures, owls, heron, pelican and falcons are in this common park. A few winged animals and reptiles stow away in underground tunnels, under rocks, in trees, are genuinely simple to spot by the guests. This verdure are likewise dissipated outside the planted territories of Eaton Canyon, which incorporates the region around the Nature Center. Most taxas are found in Lower Eaton Canyon, from Eaton Canyon Park north to

Globalization or denationalization summary Essay

Globalization or denationalization outline - Essay Example There an expanding pressure for the IMF and US government for the execution of both financial and monetary strategies that involve worldwide markets. 1. The subnational: a site for globalization Study of globalization involves both centering worldwide in scale and furthermore privately scaled procedures and conditions that are explained inside the worldwide elements. It is fundamental to concentrate on the different cross-outskirt associations that are helped by the reoccurrence of various conditions across territories. For example, the worldwide capital markets comprise of both electronic markets that are worldwide and locally conditions like money related focuses that give the foundation and trust frameworks for the worldwide capital markets to work (Sassen p 1).Focusing on sub-national practices and globalization requires speculations and philosophies that participate in both worldwide scale and sub-national scale. Investigation of globalization under sub-national procedures offer s a few points of interest, yet is trying since it involves the utilization of both quantitative and subjective research methods. Be that as it may, its gives the premise to use of sub-national and national information, however the examinations must happen inside the applied designs of the specialists of such procedures and informational collections since such information and theoretical structure was not equipped to investigation of globalization. ... issue is the circuits that establish political and monetary globalization since a focal point of spots prompts show of globalization as far as a few cross-fringe circuits relying upon area of the spot. Worldwide urban areas are sub-national spots whereby numerous worldwide exercises happen in this way situating such urban areas as organized cross-fringe geologies. For example, circuits interfacing Sao Paulo to worldwide systems are not the same as those of other worldwide urban areas like Frankfurt and Bombay. Expanded monetary exchanges in more established domineering urban areas like New York, Mexico City just as developing geologies like Shanghai that has an expanding cross-outskirt exchanges normally veers off from the idea of globalization that depends on universal exchange, worldwide markets and global foundations (Sassen p 4). The subsequent perspective is the job of innovation since firms and money related foundations utilize new advancements accomplish a worldwide range. Sho ckingly, asset insufficient firms can utilize new innovation to turn into a microenvironment with a worldwide nearness in this manner dissipating the idea that physical closeness is an attribute of neighborhood or country. In deed, a reconceptualization of neighborhood is the idea that nearby scales structure some portion of a settled pecking order of scale from neighborhood to territorial lastly global must be dismissed. The third issue that emerges is the cooperation of the worldwide elements and different parts of national states since worldwide is incompletely implanted in to national. The over three issues bear witness to the way that patriotism is insufficient due to transboundary elements some particular organizing of worldwide inside national requires uncommon denationalization of certain parts of the national (Sassen p 5). 2. The overwhelming of more seasoned chains of importance of scale Some

Using Technology to Connect Your Students to the World

Using Technology to Connect Your Students to the World (0) This is a contributed post from Billy Krakower, co-authored with Jerry Blumengarten. Connecting students in todays fast-paced world is important, as students use their devices constantly, but need to find ways to do it educationally and responsibly. As educators, we need to expand our reach beyond our classroom walls. In 2012, I began participating in an activity called Mystery Skype with my Twitter friend, Nancy Carroll, in Massachusetts. This evolved into what we now call Mystery Location Calls. Ever since that first successful activityâ€"and seeing the very positive reaction of my studentsâ€"I decided to make connections as much a part of my lessons as possible. With the use of technology and the ever-changing landscape in education, I found using Google Hangouts and Skype to be amazing tools to help connect my students to the world. Using these tools, you can easily bring experts from all fields and parts of the world into your classroom to give your students first-hand explanations and answers to their questions. Because of limited school budgets and time factors, you can take your students to explore the world via virtual fields trips. There are so many free resources you can take advantage of to connect your students! Our book, “Connecting Your Students to the World: Tools and Projects to Make Global Collaboration Come Alive,” explains ways teachers have successfully joined their students to other classes around the world. We present many ideas and projects that you can do with your students during fall, winter, spring and even summer. One of my favorite projects was connecting with my friend Nancy when she brought her class to Plimoth Plantation (MA) in November. Whats more, my students have had the opportunity to sing holiday songs with a class in Canada via Google Hangouts. During Read Across America Day in March, I loved connecting my students with Jerry as he read Dr. Seuss’s book The Cat in the Hat Comes Back to several classes at once via Google Hangouts. Skype in the Classroom offers many projects and experts that you can can also bring into your classroom, too. Theres a multitude of ways in which you can knock down your classroom walls. An easy way to start is by joining one of the many communities on Google+, or sign up to participate on Skype in the Classroom. Some of our favorite Google+ Communities are Google Hangouts in Education, G+eduhangout or Mystery Location Calls. Twitter is another easy way to get started, as you can reach out to different educators, or follow hashtags based upon your grade level or subject area. In this way, you can find other teachers all over the world to start collaborating with. Start by exploring some educational hashtags. Another great place to find a Twitter chat to follow and to start making teacher connections is the Twitter Education Chats Schedule. Technologies like Google Hangouts and Skype make it easy (and affordable) to connect their students to the world, providing them with cultural experiences and new perspectives without ever leaving the classroom. To learn more about globally connecting your students through technology, check out “Connecting Your Students to the World: Tools and Projects to Make Global Collaboration Come Alive.” Co-author Jerry Blumengarten is an educational consultant, speaker, and author. Find on Twitter, @cybraryman1.

Should Uniforms Be Required For Public School Students

The idea of uniforms being required for public school students has been a widely controversial topic in the recent past. In the 2003-2004 school year, only one in eight public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). In the 2013-2014 school year, one in five public schools required students to wear uniforms (ProConorg Headlines). This essay will discuss the reasons that uniforms restrict the individuality of students, burdens families that cannot afford two sets of clothes for each of their children (Farrell), and serve little to none purpose in benefitting the education of students. Uniforms are meant for the workforce, not school children. Uniforms can be very costly to some families that do not have the†¦show more content†¦Some people also argue that mandatory uniforms could be considered a violation of the First Amendment of the Constitution, located in the Bill of Rights (Hudson). People argue this because they feel that uniforms limit self expression, which is a coveted right by most people outside of America. â€Å"I’ll tell you; we’re proposing that everyone can only get along if everyone conforms to the same standards. It’s not a healthy lesson. The message should be conflict resolution no matter the physical appearance. In the real world, people do not all look the same† (Hoofnagle). Uniforms will not prepare a child for the future. They will make a rougher future for most children because they will not understand that people have the right to be unique, diverse, and to express their individuality. School uniforms also serve little to no purpose in benefiting the education of children around America. A uniform does not help a student learn things that they need to know. A uniform does not help a student study, take notes, or make flash cards. They bring no educational value to the table of learning. According to many educators and experts, â€Å"Uniforms do not improve academics, behavioral and social outcomes, or reduce discrimination or crime† (Farrell). So if a uniform cannot help a student increase their knowledge or grow as a person, why make students wear them? There is however a lot of opposition to this particular standpoint. There will always beShow MoreRelatedThe Fashion Industry1447 Words   |  6 Pagesdecorative cities but also into the lives and environments of public schools and their students. The insertion of so called â€Å"fashion† into the public school environment can be taken either as noble or corrupt; however in this case, there is nothing spectacular about the so called â€Å"fashion† and or â€Å"self-representation† that students are claiming to be wearing in today’s society. Not only has the non-uniform policies at public schools aloud students to wear pretty much whatever they want, with some exceptionsRead More Uniforms in Schools Essay541 Words   |  3 PagesUniforms in Schools School uniforms in public schools are becoming increasingly popular across the nation. The public school system would benefit greatly if this policy were to be adopted. Opposition is always a factor when trying to make changes. Taking all things into consideration, the positive effects would be far greater than the negative effects. School uniforms should be required in public schools because their use would lead to higher education, less violence, and lower cost to parentsRead MoreWhy School Uniforms And Low Income Areas1512 Words   |  7 Pages Why are required school uniforms always discussed in low income areas vs. medium or high income areas? The fact that required uniforms are well established in low income areas.The question is why are required uniforms so popular in low income areas?Will require school uniforms in low income areas in Chicago drive students to become more successful? It seems that there are no reasons for middle/higher income areas to implement these require d policies since there are a lower percent of â€Å"at risk† studentRead MoreSchool Uniforms : A Veil Of Creativity1615 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish III Honors 12 November 2015 School Uniforms : A Veil of Creativity Although the uniform requirement has just been recently imposed, uniforms have been in existence for several centuries now. The first documented usage of a ‘standard’ garment in education was in 1222, where students were required to wear a â€Å"cappa clausa† or a robe-like outfit. School uniforms make schools a less happier place. School uniforms restricts self expression. Having required uniforms in a school’s curriculum negativelyRead MoreSchool Uniforms And Its Effect On Self Image1548 Words   |  7 PagesMost commonly found in private schools, school uniforms are slowly being adopted by public schools in the US. In the 2003-2004 school year every one in eight schools required uniforms; in the 2011-2012 school year that number had increased to every one in five schools (ProCon.org). As violence increased, schools started enforcing uniforms thinking that it would solve the violence. School uniforms were created in England in the 16th century for stude nts referred to as the â€Å"charity children† (ProConRead MorePersuasive Against School Uniforms716 Words   |  3 Pagesyou think school uniforms will help your child not become bullied? Well, you’re wrong. Studies are showing that school uniforms are beginning to cause bullying instead of preventing it. School uniforms are becoming a bigger and bigger problem in today’s society. They are very expensive, they do not allow students to express themselves, and they are not helpful for students to try and find out who they are. On average parents will pay close to $300 per child every year for school uniforms. StudentsRead MoreSchool Uniform Is Good Or Bad?966 Words   |  4 PagesSCHOOL UNIFORMS The school uniform is good or bad? This is a question debated in many schools. School uniforms have many advantages and disadvantages; it depends on the thought and opinion of each person. Some people think that school uniforms display the discipline, obedience of students and it helps students can save time in choosing the outfit every day; it helps poor students have equality with everyone in school; it helps students be distinct from other people and it makes students feel proudRead MoreEssay on The Benefits of Uniform Adoption in Public Schools1278 Words   |  6 Pagesto have all students wearing the same white polo shirt, black pants, and a district sweater walking in the hallway? Nowadays, public school and many districts are discussing the possibilities of enforcing the uniform policy. In most places, many private schools already require students to have their mandatory uniforms; however, there are only a few public schools adopting this mandatory school-uniform polices as o ne of their enrollment requirements. The reason why not all public schools participatedRead MoreSchool Uniforms Persuasive Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of Uniform Adoption in Public Schools Ever wonder what it would look like to have all students wearing the same white polo shirt, black pants, and a district sweater walking in the hallway? Nowadays, public school and many districts are discussing the possibilities of enforcing the uniform policy. In most places, many private schools already require students to have their mandatory uniforms; however, there are only a few public schools adopting this mandatory school-uniform policesRead MoreEssay on Three Reasons Why Public Schools Should Wear Uniforms664 Words   |  3 Pagesseen here, in the USA few public schools have need of students to wear a uniform. I went to school in Mexico City and I got to wear uniform every day. It is very common there for students to be dress in uniforms. Most of the time, I think kids in this country are very spoiled and very selfish too. For them to wear an uniform to go to school it is very offensive. The reason is they think they can no longer express themselves. I agree t hat asking students to wear a uniform won’t change their attitude

Plastic Waste Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3561 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Did you like this example? Plastic Waste Management 1. Plastics Waste: Environmental Issues and Challenges The quantum of solid waste is ever increasing due to increase in population, developmental activities, changes in life style, and socio-economic conditions, Plastics waste is a significant portion of the total municipal solid waste (MSW). It is estimated that approximately 10 thousand tons per day (TPD) of plastics waste is generated i. e. 9% of 1. 20 lacs TPD of MSW in the country. The plastics waste constitutes two major category of plastics; (i)Thermoplastics and (ii) Thermoset plastics. Thermoplastics, constitutes 80% and thermoset constitutes approximately 20% of total post-consumer plastics waste generated in India. The Thermoplastics are recyclable plastics which include; Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), Poly Vinyl Chloride(PVC), High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene(PP), Polystyrene (PS) etc. Thermoset plastics contains alkyd, epoxy, ester, melamine formaldehyde, phenolic formaldehyde, silicon, urea formaldehyde, polyurethane, met alised and multilayer plastics etc. 2. HAZARDS OF THE PLASTIC WASTES The environmental hazards due to mismanagement of plastics waste include the following aspects: 1. Littered plastics spoils beauty of the city and choke drains and make important public places filthy; Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Plastic Waste Management" essay for you Create order 2. Garbage containing plastics, when burnt may cause air pollution by emitting polluting gases; 3. Garbage mixed with plastics interferes in waste processing facilities and may also cause problems in landfill operations; 4. Recycling industries operating in non-conforming areas are posing unhygienic problems to the environment. . Main Features of the Plastics Manufacture and Usage (Amendment) Rules, 2003 Regulation of plastics waste, particularly manufacture and use of recycled plastics carry bags and containers is being regulated in the country as per Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 and as amended in 2003. According to these Rules: 3. 1. No person shall manufacture, stock, distribute or sell carry bags made of virgin or recycled plastic bags which are less than 8 x 12 inches in size and having thickness less than 20 microns. . 2. No vendor shall use carry bags/containers made of recycled plastics for storing, carrying, dispensing or packaging of food stuffs; 3. 3. Carry bags and containers made of recycled plastic and used for purposes other than storing and packaging food stuffs shall be manufactured using pigments and colorants as per IS 9833:1981 entitled â€Å"List of pigments and colorants for use in plastics in contact with food stuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water†. . 4. Recycling of plastics shall be undertaken strictly in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standard specification: IS 14534:1998 entitled â€Å"The Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics† 3. 5. Manufacturers of recycled plastic carry bags having printing facilities shall code/mark carry bags an d containers as per Bureau of Indian Standard specification: IS 14534:1998 (The Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics). 3. 6. No person shall manufacture carry bags or containers irrespective of its size or weight unless the occupier of the unit has registered the unit with respective SPCB/PCC prior to the commencement of production. 3. 7. The prescribed authority for enforcement of the provisions of these rules related to manufacturing and recycling is SPCB in respect of States and the PCC in Union Territories and for relating to use, collection, segregation, transportation and disposal shall be the District Collector/ Deputy Commissioner of the concerned district. . Options for Plastic Waste Management ?4. 1Recycling of plastics through environmentally sound manner: Recycling of plastics should be carried in such a manner to minimize the pollution during the process and as a result to enhance the efficiency of the process and conserve the energy. Plastics recycling technologies hav e been historically divided into four general types -primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. Primary recycling involves processing of a waste/scrap into a product with characteristics similar to those of original product. Secondary recycling involves processing of waste/scrap plastics into materials that have characteristics different from those of original plastics product. Tertiary recycling involves the production of basic chemicals and fuels from plastics waste/scrap as part of the municipal waste stream or as a segregated waste. Quaternary recycling retrieves the energy content of waste/scrap plastics by burning / incineration. This process is not in use in India. 4. 2Steps Involved in the Recycling Process 4. 2. 1Selection: The recyclers / reprocessors have to select the waste / scrap which are suitable for recycling /reprocessing. . 2. 2Segregation: The plastics waste shall be segregated as per the Codes 1-7 mentioned in the BIS guidelines (IS:14534:1998). 4. 2. 3Process ing: After selection and segregation of the pre-consumer waste (factory waste) shall be directly recycled. The post consumer waste (used plastic waste) shall be washed, shredded, agglomerated, extruded and granulated. 5. Polymer Coated Bitumen Road The CPCB has undertaken a project in collaboration with Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai to evaluate the performance of polymer coated built roads laid during 2002-2006 in different cities. The observations are as below: 5. 1. The coating of plastics over aggregate improves Impact, Los Angels Abrasion and Crushing Value with the increase in the percentage of plastics. 5. 2. The extracted bitumen showed almost near value for Marshall stability. The entire road was having good skid resistance and texture values. 5. 3. All the stretches in the roads have been found reasonably strong. 5. 4. The unevenness index values of these roads are nearly 3000 mm/km, which indicate a good surface evenness. 5. 5. The plastic tar roads have not d eveloped any potholes, rutting, raveling or edge flaw, even though these roads are more than four years of age. 5. 6. Polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix performs well compared to polymer modified bitumen mix. 5. 7. Higher percentage of polymer coating improves the binding strength of the mix. 5. 8. Foam plastics have better binding values. 6. Plastics waste disposal through Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT) Plasma Pyrolysis is a state of the art technology, which integrates the thermochemical properties of plasma with the pyrolysis process. The intense and versatile heat generation capabilities of PPT enable it to dispose off all types of plastic wastes including polymeric, biomedical and hazardous waste in a safe and reliable manner. 6. 1. Plasma Pyrolysis Technology In plasma pyrolysis, firstly the plastics waste is fed into the primary chamber at 8500C through a feeder. The waste material dissociates into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, higher hydrocarbons etc. Induced draf t fan drains the pyrolysis gases as well as plastics waste into the secondary chamber, where these gases are combusted in the presence of excess air. The inflammable gases are ignited with high voltage spark. The secondary chamber temperature is maintained at around 10500 0C. The hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are combusted into safe carbon dioxide and water. The process conditions are maintained so that it eliminates the possibility of formation of toxic dioxins and furans molecules (in case of chlorinated waste). The conversion of organic waste into non toxic gases (CO2, H2O) is more than 99% . The extreme conditions of Plasma kill stable bacteria such as Bacillus stereothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis immediately. Segregation of the waste is not necessary, as very high temperatures ensure treatment of all types of waste without discrimination. The CPCB has initiated the study in association with Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma Technologies (FCIPT), Institut e of Plasma Research (IPR). The objectives of the study are to conduct performance study of the PPT on 15 kg/hr prototype demonstration system developed by FCIPT/ IPR for proper disposal of plastics waste and also monitor air quality parameters e. g. suspended particulate matter (SPM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), benzene, dioxins, furans etc. ith regards to gaseous emissions. CPCB also proposes to undertake study on safe disposal of plastics waste using higher capacity (approx. 50 kg/hr) plasma pyrolysis system as in future and may set up prototype plasma pyrolysis plant on demonstration basis (15 kg/hr waste disposal capacity) at specific locations (hilly and pilgrimage) in consultation with State Government. 7. Conversion of Plastics waste into Liquid Fuel A research-cum-demonstration plant was set up at Nagpur, Maharashtra for conversion of waste plastics into liquid fuel. The process adopted is based on random de-polymerization of waste plastics into liquid fuel in presence of a catalyst. The entire process is undertaken in closed reactor vessel followed by condensation, if required. Waste plastics while heating upto 2700 0C to 30000 C convert into liquid-vapour state, which is collected in condensation chamber in the form of liquid fuel while the tarry liquid waste is topped-down from the heating reactor vessel. The organic gas is generated which is vented due to lack of storage facility. However, the gas can be used in dual fuel diesel-generator set for generation of electricity. The process includes the steps shown ahead: 7. 1Environment related observations during the process 1. There are no liquid industrial effluents and no floor washings as it is a dry process. 2. There are no organized stack and process emissions. 3. Odour of volatile organics has been experienced in the processing area due to some leakages or lack of proper sealing 4. Absolute conversion of liquid-vapour was not possible into liquid, some portion of gas (about 20%) is connected to the generator. However, the process will be improved in full-scale plant. 5. PVC plastics waste is not used and if used, it was less than 1%. In case PVC is used, the chlorine can be converted into hydrochloric acid as a by-product. 6. The charcoal (charcoal is formed due to tapping of tarry waste) generated during the process has been analysed and contain heavy metals, poly aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which appears to be hazardous in nature. The source of metals in charcoal could be due to the presence of additives in plastics and due to multilayer and laminated plastics. 7. Monitoring of process fugitive emissions in the work area as well as emissions from the engines/diesel generator sets is necessarily required (where this liquid fuel is used) for various parameters such as CO, HCl, Styrene, Benzene, VOCs. 8. Biodegradable Plastics The environmentally degradable polyolefin films are defined as those materials that contain degradation process of polyolefin article (b ag/film/sheet) under conditions of composting. Often queries are raised regarding biodegradability of plastics but clear-cut answer is not available about the biodegradability of plastics. In view of above, CPCB has initiated a study in collaboration with Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) to establish the biodegradability and compostability (e. g. fragmentation rate, degradation rate and safety) of polymeric material available in India and abroad. The study will include: 1. Inventorisation and assessment of the manufacturing status of biodegradable plastics in India particularly with reference to processing technologies and the environmental issues. . Establishment of the degradation rate (change in chemical structure, decrease in mechanical strength, fragmentation or weight loss) of the polymeric material or plastics material under laboratory scale composting conditions. 3. Finding out self-life and its impact on environment (soil, water of plastics w ith reference to colour and additives, once it is disposed off) 4. Assessment of effects on foodstuffs with reference to natural colours and additives. . ASSESSMENT OF DELHI IN WASTE DISPOSAL 9. 1Write about short introduction of Delhi 9. 2. Delhi lags way behind in waste disposal â€Å"Capital generates about 6,000 tonnes of solid waste daily, reveals study† NEW DELHI: While Delhi steals a march over all other metropolitan cities across the country in generating municipal waste, it lags far behind in waste disposal and recycling, according to a new study on Solid waste management and its disposal conducted by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM). The study reveals that Delhi is able to dispose of and recycle only 62 per cent of its solid waste as against Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai, where the figure stands at 86 per cent, 85 per cent and 80 per cent, respectively. Kolkata has been cited as an exception in removing its municipal waste to the extent of 90 per cent, making it a city of people with a much better civic sense, reveals the ASSOCHAM study. According to the study, Delhi generates about 6,000 tonnes of solid waste daily as against 5,800 tonnes by Mumbai, 2,800 by Bangalore, 2,675 tonnes by Chennai and 4,000 tonnes by Kolkata. The study refers to Kerala that has created a special purpose vehicle (SPV) to dispose of its solid waste for power generation by closely integrating its 60 municipalities with three intermediate depots to collect its garbage and waste to dispose it of in large containers. Similar models should be emulated by other cities to collect their solid waste which should be recycled for commercial use, says ASSOCHAM president Venugopal N. Dhoot, emphasising the need for a national waste policy. Acknowledging the role of rag pickers in clearing solid waste, the study notes that in Delhi alone there are 85,000 of them and the total quantum of waste collected by the pickers is 900 tonnes a day, which is about 19 per cent of the total waste generated every day. The MCD spent about 2. 4 billion rupees to manage garbage generated during the year. Thus rag pickers saved the municipal authorities more than 250 million rupees, the study says. 9. 3Hazardous It points out that urban residents generate 350 gm to 1,000 gm of solid waste every day and with the increase in population and rising income, urban India is becoming a throwaway society. The waste in bigger cities is generally paper, plastics, metal and hazardous materials apart from vegetables wastes. Bio-degradable households waste has far less impact than the waste generated by activities like manufacturing of goods, the study notes. The present annual solid waste generated in Indian cities has increased from 48 million tones in 1997 to 95 million tonnes, which might exceed 150 million tonnes over the next seven years, says Mr. Dhoot. NEW DELHI, FEBRUARY 23: Indias booming economy is producing mountains of toxic electronic waste like discarded computers and televisions, but there are no laws to regulate its disposal, a local environment group said on Friday. Toxics Link said while the Asian giants economy has been growing at eight per cent annually over the last three years, it has also resulted in the generation of 150,000 tonnes of electronic waste each year. An eight-month study by the group found that Indias bustling financial hub of Mumbai was the biggest source of electronic or e-waste, generating 19,000 tonnes every year. Being the hub of Indias commercial activities, the banks and financial institutions in Mumbai generate huge amounts of e-waste, Ravi Agarwal, Director of Toxics Link, told a news conference. But like the rest of India, there are no laws for its safe handling and this will lead to serious health and environmental impacts. Agarwal said the government had to regulate the management of e-waste by setting up a central authority to collect all discarded electronic goods and put in place laws to deal with disposal and recycling. Indias economic liberalisation that began in the early 1990s has seen hundreds of banks, financial institutions, electronics industries, information technology firms and call centres setting up operations across the country. The booming economy has also led to a growing middle classestimated around 300 millionwhich has more disposable income and an insatiable appetite for electronic products. When electronics like televisions, PCs and efrigerators are discarded, it is the informal sector made up of tens of thousands of people who collect it and then break it down and recycle parts of it which can be sold, said Agarwal. They extract toxic-heavy metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium which are sold for other uses. These metals harm the development of the brain, kidneys and some are carcinogens which enter the food chain through the air, water and soil. 10. ASSESSMENT OF SIKKIM IN WASTE DISPOSAL 10. 1. Write about short introducti on of sikkim 10. 2. URBAN ENVIRONMENT IMPROVEMENT ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: AN ATTEMPT BY GOVERNMENT OF SIKKIM 10. 2. 1. OBJECTIVES 1. Ban on plastic bags was mainly for avoidance of Natural Calamities as Land Slides. 2. To provide clean and healthy urban and rural environment. 3. To make Sikkim plastic free state in India. 4. To check soil pollution. 5. To secure the future of coming generation by providing them with plastic free environment. 6. To show concern over global fight against the use of plastic. 10. 3. STATUS ON SOLID WASTE BEFORE THE ENACTMENT OF THE SIKKIM NON-BIODEGRADABLE GARBAGE (CONTROL) ACT, 1997:- The total accumulation of solid waste in the capital town of Gangtok is estimated to be 50 MT per day but only a fraction of this quantity is being collected and dumped. The rest are still thrown into the jhora and elsewhere despite restrictions. 10. 3. 1. Shops/Households dumped their solid wastes into permanent community bins or mobile garbage bins provided by the Go vernment. Garbage littered outside were swept by Safai karmacharies and deposited into these bins. 10. 3. 2. The Conservancy staff of the Department collected them from these bins in to the garbage vehicles for transportation to the dumping yard. 10. 3. 3. The solid wastes were thereafter thrown in the valley sides of roads generally as there was no designated dumping yard. 10. 3. 4. Garbage/wastes/spoils were alternatively dumped by the public indiscriminately in to the jhoras (natural permanent drains). 10. 3. 5. Shopping plastic bags were used and littered freely. 10. 3. 6. Because the plastic bags/materials are light weight, rain water carried them along its course but got stuck on the slightest obstruction in the flow. The jhoras were full of them. 10. 3. 7. Drains and sewage pipes got choked or blocked leading to diversion of the discharge and consequential damage to life and property in the valley side which course they undertake naturally in the hills. 10. 3. 8. In the villa ges, the plastics hindered seeds germination and their growth when they confronted plastics in the soil. 10. 3. 9. Animals often ate them up with fodder leading to consequential ill-health. 10. 3. 10. When burnt it emitted toxic fume in to the atmosphere but were not burnt out totally as the slag still remained. Plastics reportedly do not degrade for over 200 years, and unless it is burnt, the volume does not reduce. 11. REGULATORY ACTION BY THE STATE GOVERNMENT The State Government enacted the Sikkim Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 1997, on 30th April, 1997. Salient features of the Act are:- 11. 1. Prohibiting the throwing of non-degradable garbage in public drains and sewage. (Section 3) 11. 2. Provision for placement of receptacles and places for deposit of non-biodegradable garbage, and to provide separate dustbins for deposit of non-biodegradable and bio-degradable garbage. Section 4) 11. 3. Duty of owners and occupiers to collect and deposit non-biodegradable garbage etc. (Section 5) 11. 4. Provision for imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month or with fine which may extend to rupees five thousand, or with both. (Section 8) 11. 5. To enhance the effectiveness of the Act, the Sikkim Trade License and Miscellaneous Provisions Rules, 1985, was also amended banning use of plastic bags by Shopkeepers as well as for maintaining separate bins as prescribed for the Bio-degradable and Non-biodegradable / medical wastes depending upon the type of shop. 1. 6. Rules were framed under section 17 of the Sikkim Non-Biodegradable Garbage (control) Act, 1997, after inviting comments of the public and receiving suggestions from the Department of Health and Family Welfare. The Notification came into effect from 30th March, 2001. Under the Rules the following provisions have been made: 11. 6. 1. Division of areas into garbage collection / garbage management zones for the purpose of scavenging and cleaning the garbage. (Rule 3) 11. 6. 2. Constitution of Garbage Waste Management Committee. (Rule 4) 11. 6. 3. Provision for different colours and inscription on receptacles/garbage bins. (Rule 6). 11. 6. 4. Prohibition in littering or throwing of wastes. (Rules 8 and 9) 11. 6. 5. Power to entry, inspect or execute work. (Rule 11) 11. 6. 6. With the intervention of the High Court of Sikkim, the Sikkim Non-Biodegradable Grabage (Control) Act, 1997 was further amended to provide for compulsory imprisonment for a minimum period of one month and fine of minimum Rs. 5000/- against the guilty. 12. IMPLEMENTATION/EXECUTION 12. 1. Land was acquired for land-fill and composting where the segregation of bio-degradable and non-biodegradable is undertaken. 12. 2. Before implementation of the provisions of the Act, they were published for information of the general public. 12. 3. Continuous monitoring on the implementation of the provisions of the Act and Rules by Shop-keepers and occupiers was undertaken. 12. 4. The shop-keepers/occupiers were educ ated as part of the extension programme to motivate them for following the provisions which was beneficial to them as well as the general public. 2. 5. The Safai karmacharies were briefed about the provisions of the Act. 12. 6. Deterrent fines were imposed against those not following the directions and advice of the Government functionaries. 12. 7. Surprise checks were undertaken to ensure that the plastic bags were not being used and where detected, the materials were confiscated and fine imposed. 12. 8. Subsequently a new system to collect garbage from shops, houses of the towns in the National Highway directly from the shops/houses to the garbage collection vehicles was introduced. This was done only after the people being affected by the system were educated through an appeal in a pamphlet form. The people have totally participated in the programme. 12. 9. The use of community bins along the Highway previously provided for deposit of garbage by the cluster of houses around was d iscontinued. 12. 10. Although the Rules came into effect only from 30th March, 2001, the Government began acting on the basis of the provisions of the Act itself. 13. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION 13. 1. The success in the venture was the public participation. 3. 2. Deliberations, mass media and discussions with the Panchayats and the NGOS led to the successful implementation and the extension of the Act. 13. 3. Consequently this led to formation of Garbage Waste Management Committee to assist and devise the efficient collection and disposal of the waste. The committee comprises of public representative of the area and two responsible persons of the area and the representative of the Department. 13. 4. Now the collection of garbage from each and every corner of the coty has become quite successful for which trucks has been allotted to each locality which collects the garbage and dumps in the treatment plant. 14. BENEFITS 14. 1. The drains and Jhoras and the sewerage lines have free flow and hence reduced chances of calamity. 14. 2. The towns and bazaars are free from plastics and appear clean. 14. 3. Chances of diversion of rain-water due to clogging is almost nil. 14. 4. Awareness among people have increased about the harmfulness of using plastic bags.

Customer Relationship Management - 4209 Words

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Balloon Powered Car free essay sample

Maria Chriscia Y. Andres 10- SCA Title: The Balloon Powered Car Racer Background of the Study: Sir Isaac Newton developed three laws of motion in 1665 when he was only 23 years old. These laws revolutionized how science explained movement by describing how the forces acting on an object are responsible for the object’s motion. Balloon powered car racer is driven by air coming from a deflating balloon. As an alternative of using electricity, these cars make use of the Law of Action and Reaction (Newton’s Third Law of Motion). The car is propelled forward, as a result of the air coming from an inflated balloon. The escaping air is the action, a force that acts towards the opposite direction. And this is the reason why the balloon powered car racer is being pushed forward. The movement of the car in the opposite direction is what we called the reaction. Statement of the Problem: * The size of the balloon affects the speed of the car. We will write a custom essay sample on Balloon Powered Car or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * The structure of the car affects its speed. * The weight of the car affects its speed. Formulation of Hypothesis: I hypothesize that the size of balloon, structure and weight of the car has a direct relation with the speed. In other words the movement of the car is dependent on the size of the balloon, while the structure and weight of the car is another factor to acquire a fast and furious speed. Significance of the Study: In this day and age of constant threat to our environment, there are various ways of reducing air pollution and energy consumption is being explored. Cars whose emissions are part of the factors that contribute to air pollution, are being modified to be more environment-friendly. However, these cars are expensive to produce. Majority of the population, especially here in the Philippines, cannot afford a highly energy efficient and environment friendly vehicle. Also, problems like the disposal of tons of electric car batteries will arise. This research aims to address this problem by investigating the parameters that affect the efficiency of balloon powered car racers. Definition’s term: * Efficient productive of desired effects;  especially  :  productive without waste * Emissions putting into circulation. * Deflating to release air or gas from. to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness. * Inflated distended with air or gas. expanded to an abnormal or unjustifiable volume or level. being hollow and enlarged or distended. * Propelled to drive forward or onward by or as if by means of a force that imparts motion. * Parameters any of a set of physical properties whose values determine the characteristics or behavior of something. an arbitrary constant whose value characterizes a member of a system (as a family of curves);  also  :  a quantity (as a mean or variance) that describes a statistical population. * Revolutionized to change fundamentally or completely.